For Information, contact Ken Cheney
The file ftp.apple.com(130.43.2.3): /pub/cd-rom/cd-rom.summary gives
a short techie introduction to compact disc technology.
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There is a good short general article on CD-Rom and its's many
variations (CD-XA, CD-I, CDTV, PhotoCD) called MULTIMEDIA IN A MUDDLE
by Barry Fox in the New Scientist (London, ISSN# 0262-4079) vol. 131
no. 1787 (Sep 21, 1991) pp.35-38
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There is a very good article by Bill and Lynne Jolitz "Inside the
ISO-9660 Filesystem Format" in the December 1992 Dr. Dobbs Journal.
Detailed source code examples are provided. They are planning followup
articles covering Rock Ridge, CDI and CDROM-XA.
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The SAMS book "Principles of Digital Audio" by Ken C. Pohlmann (ISBN
0-672-22634-0) deals primarily with audio CDs but there are sections
dealing with CD-ROM, CD-I, DVI, CD-V, CD-WO, Erasable CD, CD + G and
CD + MIDI.
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There is a good brief explaination of all these standards in the paper
"Compact Disc Terminology"
Nancy Klocko
Disc Manufacturing Inc.
1409 Foulk Road, Suite 202
Wilmington, DE 19803
1-800-433-DISC
Here is some information from the paper:
Standards:
Red Book == CD-Audio
Yellow Book == CD-ROM
Mode-1 is for computer data
Mode-2 is for compressed audio data and video/picture data
CD-ROM/XA == an EXTENSION to Yellow Book and defines a new type of track.
CD-ROM Mode 2, XA Format, is used for computer data, compressed audio
data, and video/picture data. A CD-ROM / XA track may interleave Mode 2
compressed audio and Mode 2 data sectors. Additional hardware is needed
to separate these when playing the disc. The hardware is programmed to
separate the audio from the data, decompress the audio and play it out
through the audio jacks. At the same time, the hardware passes the data
to the computer.
NOTE: Additional hardware is needed to play a CD-ROM / XA disc. Several
vendors offer an XA interface board that will allow an existing CD-ROM
drive to play CD-ROM / XA discs.
Green Book == Compact Disc Interactive (CD-I)
Orange Book == Recordable Compact disc Standard
Part I - CD-MO (Magneto Optical)
Consists of optional Pre-Mastered (READ-ONLY) area and a Recordable
(re-writable) user area.
Part II - CD-WO (Write Once)
Orange Book Part II also defines a second type of CD-WO disk called
a "Hybrid Disc". This disc consists of a Pre-recorded Area and a
Recordable Area. The Pre-recorded area is a READ ONLY area where
the information is manufactured into the disc. (This area is written
per the Red, Yellow, and Green Book specifications, and can be played
on any CD-Player.) The Recordable areas are where additional
recordings can be made in one or more sessions. Only the first
session on the disc is readable by todays CD-Players; additional
software will be needed to read the additional sessions.
A TOC (Table of Contents) is written during each recording session.
Disc will have multiple TOCs, one for each recording session.
Photo-CD is an example of a "Hybrid Disc".
CD-Bridge Disc
The CD-Bridge Disc defines a way to add additional information in
a CD-ROM / XA track in order to allow the track to be played on a
CD-I player. the result is a disc that can be played on both a
CD-I player connected to a TV set and on a CD-ROM / XA player
connected to a computer.
An example of a CD-Bridge Disc is the new Photo-CD disc. The
Photo-CD disc will be playable in CD-I players, Kodak's Photo CD
players and in computers using CD-ROM/XA drives.
Photo-CD
The Photo CDs will be Mode 2 Form 1 sectors per the CD-ROM / XA
specifications. The disc will be written per the Orange Book Part
II "Hybrid Disc" specifications. This will allow photographs to be
written to the disc in several different sessions. Additionally,
the disc will use the CD-Bridge disc format to allow the disc to be
readable by both CD-I and CD-ROM / XA players.
The photographs written to the disc in the first session will use
the ISO 9660 format. These photographs will be readable with the
existing CD-ROM / XA players connected to a computer running new
software written for the Photo CD picture structure. Additionally,
the photographs will be displayable on CD-I Players and Photo CD
Players connected to a TV set.
Photographs written to disc after the first session will be
displayable on CD-I Players and Photo CD players. New software
and/or firmware will be needed to read these additional photographs
with existing CD-ROM/XA players.
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